Abstract

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the impacts of photovoltaics and storage units for self-consumption in the day-ahead spot prices. A methodology is proposed, to access these impacts in the Iberian electricity market for 2015, 2020 and 2030.

Abstract
As Distributed Generation (DG) is increasingly integrated into the networks, intermittency issues of some types of DG (such as wind energy) will potentially increase network operating costs or decrease network security. Concern regarding these effects has grown among Network Operators and in order to avoid them, new or updated wind parks are required to provide ancillary services to the network. These ancillary services include the fault ride-through capability and mainly those wind parks connected to a collector switching or distribution substation are asked to provide this service. Although some wind parks can already supply fault ridethrough capability to the network, most of them are still largely unable to do so due to the current DG protection scheme. This work concentrates on the development and assessment of new settings for the wind park protection scheme by closed-loop test in real time. This aims to allow wind parks to provide fault ride-through capability to the distribution network. A distribution network with a DFIG based wind turbine with ride-through-fault capability was modelled on the RTDS Simulator. The protective relay settings were then implemented into a commercial numerical programmable relay to be assessed by closed-loop real time test. Conclusions of the protective relay with the fault ridethrough requirement are presented and discussed.

Abstract
This paper extends the symmetric/constrained fuzzy power flow models by including the potential correlations between nodal injections. Therefore, the extension of the model allows the specification of fuzzy generation and load values and of potential correlations between nodal injections. The enhanced version of the symmetric/constrained fuzzy power flow model is applied to the 30-bus IEEE test system. The results prove the importance of the inclusion of data correlations in the analysis of transmission system adequacy. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract
In this paper, the IEEE 14 bus test system is used in order to perform adequacy assessment of a transmission system when large scale integration of electric vehicles is considered at distribution levels. In this framework, the symmetric/constrained fuzzy power flow (SFPF/CFPF) was proposed. The SFPF/CFPF models are suitable to quantify the adequacy of transmission network to satisfy "reasonable demands for the transmission of electricity" as defined, for instance, in the European Directive 2009/72/EC. In this framework, electric vehicles of different types will be treated as fuzzy loads configuring part of the "reasonable demands". With this study, it is also intended to show how to evaluate the amount of EVs that can be safely accommodated to the grid meeting a certain adequacy level.

Abstract
In this paper, a novel battery electric vehicle (BEV) concept based on a small fixed and a big swappable Li-ion battery pack is proposed in order to achieve longer range, lower initial purchase priceand lower energy consumption at short ranges. For short ranges, the BEV is only powered by the relatively small-fixed battery pack, without the large swappable battery pack. In this way, the mass of the vehicle is reduced and, therefore, the energy consumed per unit distance is improved. For higher ranges, the BEV is powered by both battery packs. This concept allows the introduction of subscription-based ownership models to distribute the cost of the large battery pack over the vehicle lifetime. A methodology is proposed for the analysis and evaluation of the proposed concept in comparison with a direct owned nonswappable single-pack BEV, proving that significant improvements on city fuel economy (up to 14%) and economic benefits are achievable under several scenarios. These results encourage further study of battery swapping service plans energy management strategies.