Abstract
In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programing (MILP) model for the stochastic clearing of electricity markets with probabilistic participants is proposed. It is assumed that the sources of uncertainty in the market comes both from generation and demand side. The wind generating unit and electric vehicle aggregator are the supposed sources of uncertainty in the system. For the compensation of probable deviation of stochastic participants, flexible generation and demand will offer for the reserve activation. The two-stage model takes into account the day-ahead cost as well as the expected balancing costs due to probabilistic behavior of uncertain participants. A scenario-based approach is used to model the probabilistic participants. The proposed model stochastically clears the market and the results discuss the lower costs obtained by incorporating various resources of uncertainty and flexibility in the market.

Abstract
The GReSBAS project (2016-2019) aims to enable the active participation of buildings in DR programs through gamified competition between building owners. In case of large buildings, gamified competition can be established within the building for its occupants, for instance having different floors of the building competing between them. This approach will allow building owners to reduce electricity costs and increase energy efficiency by motivating/rewarding building occupants for participating in DR programs. The concepts and tools developed under GReSBAS will be tested in two demonstration sites: a corporate building in Portugal and a residential building in Turkey. This paper presents the Portuguese demonstration site and describes how the energy consumption, temperature and building occupancy data will be collected, processed and used by the tools developed in GReSBAS.

Abstract
Demand-side solutions are one of the most important customer-dependent options among innovative smart grid technologies. Flexible loads can be controlled and coordinated in several ways to operate in favor of the grid. Contrary to conventional participators in grid services, responding to grid requests is not the primary objective of the owners of demand-side resources. Therefore, it is a vital task for demand side service operators to provide maximized and reliable participation. However, motivation factors may vary due to demographic characteristics of the society and there are important diversities due to cultural differences of countries. This study investigates consumer expectations, preferences and concerns on demand response (DR) and deployable gamification techniques in Turkey. A detailed survey is conducted with individuals and results are analyzed to evaluate general trends together with distinctive customer patterns.

Abstract
Integration of aggregated demand response into the wholesale electricity market is an emerging field of research. Contrary to conventional service providers, most of the demand side participants act voluntarily. However, due to wholesale market regulations, reliable and effective participation of huge numbers of customers is a vital task for aggregators. The existing retail programs aim to motivate customers to take part in events in return for static or individual performance-based incentives. These programs do not focus on engaging customers to act in a collaborative way and therefore have limited effectiveness. This study proposes a novel retail demand response program in which the incentives are dependent on the aggregated performance of participants. Considering the existing wholesale and retail market structures together with demand response aggregator responsibilities, an adaptable program is developed for more effective performance and indirect collaboration of customers. The contribution of the program is compared with a number of different DR programs adopting concepts from game theory.

Abstract
In restructured power systems, the adequacy of the transmission network may be defined as the ability to meet reasonable demands by transmission of electricity (as stated by the Directive 2009/72/EC). The symmetric/constrained fuzzy power flow (CFPF) was recently proposed as a suitable tool to quantify that adequacy. In this paper, the use of the symmetric fuzzy power flow/CFPF is extended to support the decision process of investment in network components to accomplish a specific adequacy criteria. A technique based on dual variables, obtained from the linear formulation of the CFPF, is used. The importance of the duality information concerning the adequacy indices is explained. The proposed methodology is applied on IEEE 14 bus reliability test system to demonstrate its applicability. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract
The symmetric/constrained fuzzy power flow (SFPF/CFPF) models are suitable to quantify the adequacy of transmission network in satisfying “reasonable demands for the transmission of electricity” as defined, in the European Directive 2009/72/EC. In this paper, SFPF/CFPF is mainly used to identify the basic repressions (inappropriate definition of reasonable demands) of fuzzy data (generation or load) when the adequacy of a transmission system is assessed. This situation arises essentially in cases where the network configuration does not fully support the requested power specifications. It means that these requests are inadequately formulated and lead to the creation of artificial repression in the results (artificial inadequacy of the transmission system). In this article, it is intended to show how these cases can be identified. For this purpose, the SFPF will be used, which does not consider branch limits. With this study, it is also shown how the reference power flows of the system are obtained in order to identify the congested branches.