Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is still a significant public health issue, among the most common and deadly cancers globally. The identification and characterization of precancerous lesions of the stomach using endoscopy are crucial for determining the risk of cancer and guiding appropriate surveillance. In this scenario, deep learning (DL)-based computer vision methods have the potential to help us classify and identify particular patterns in endoscopic images, leading to a more accurate classification of these types of lesions. The quantity and quality of the data used heavily influence the classification performance of DL networks. However, one of the major setbacks for developing high-performance DL classification models is the typical need for more available data in the medical field. This review explores the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and classical data augmentation techniques for improving the classification of precancerous stomach lesions. GANs are DL models that have shown promising results in generating synthetic data, which can be used to augment limited medical datasets. This review discusses recent studies that have implemented GANs and classical data augmentation methods to improve the accuracy of cancerous lesion classification. The results indicate that GANs can effectively increase the dataset's size, enhance the classification models' performance. In specific applications, such as the augmentation of endoscopic images depicting gastrointestinal polyps and Barrett's esophagus Adenocarcinoma, our review reveals instances where GANs, including models like Deep Convolutional GANs and conditional GANs, outperform classical data augmentation methods. Furthermore, this review highlights the challenges and limitations of the recent works using GANs and classical data augmentation techniques in medical imaging analysis and proposes directions for future research.

Abstract
Public lighting plays a very important role for society's safety and quality of life. The identification of faults in public lighting is essential for the maintenance and prevention of safety. Traditionally, this task depends on human action, through checking during the day, representing expenditure and waste of energy. Automatic detection with deep learning is an innovative solution that can be explored for locating and identifying of this kind of problem. In this study, we present a first approach, composed of several steps, intending to obtain the segmentation of public lighting, using Seville (Spain) as case study. A dataset called NLight was created from a nighttime image taken by the JL1-3B satellite, and four U-Net and FPN architectures were trained with different backbones to segment part of the NLight. The U-Net with InceptionResNetv2 proved to be the model with the best performance, obtained 761 of 815, correct locations (93.4%). This model was used to predict the segmentation of the remaining dataset. This study provides the location of lamps so that we can identify patterns and possible lighting failures in the future.

Abstract
The grape moth is a common pest that affects grapevines by consuming both fruit and foliage, rendering grapes deformed and unsellable. Integrated pest management for the grape moth heavily relies on pheromone traps, which serve a crucial function by identifying and tracking adult moth populations. This information is then used to determine the most appropriate time and method for implementing other control techniques. This study aims to find the best method for detecting small insects. We evaluate the following recent YOLO models: v5, v6, v7, and v8 for detecting and counting grape moths in insect traps. The best performance was achieved by YOLOv8, with an average precision of 92.4% and a counting error of 8.1%.

Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the use of small pre-trained 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) on land use and land cover (LULC) slide-window-based classification. We pre-trained the small models in a dataset with origin in the Eurosat dataset and evaluated the benefits of the transfer-learning plus fine-tuning for four different regions using Sentinel-2 L1C imagery (bands of 10 and 20m of spatial resolution), comparing the results to pre-trained models and trained from scratch. The models achieved an F1 Score of between 0.69-0.80 without significative change when pre-training the model. However, for small datasets, pre-training the model improved the classification by up to 3%.

Abstract
Gastric Cancer (GC) and Colorectal Cancer (CRC) are some of the most common cancers in the world. The most common diagnostic methods are upper endoscopy and biopsy. Possible expert distractions can lead to late diagnosis. GC is a less studied malignancy than CRC, leading to scarce public data that difficult the use of AI detection methods, unlike CRC where public data are available. Considering that CRC endoscopic images present some similarities with GC, a CRC Transfer Learning approach could be used to improve AI GC detectors. This paper evaluates a novel Transfer Learning approach for real-time GC detection, using a YOLOv4 model pre-trained on CRC detection. The results achieved are promising since GC detection improved relatively to the traditional Transfer Learning strategy.

Abstract
Object detection (OD) coupled with active learning (AL) has emerged as a powerful synergy in the field of computer vision, harnessing the capabilities of machine learning (ML) to automatically identify and perform image-based objects localisation while actively engaging human expertise to iteratively enhance model performance and foster machine-based knowledge expansion. Their prior success, demonstrated in a wide range of fields (e.g., industry and medicine), motivated this work, in which a comprehensive and systematic review of OD and AL techniques was carried out, considering reputed technical/scientific publication databases-such as ScienceDirect, IEEE, PubMed, and arXiv-and a temporal range between 2010 and December 2022. The primary inclusion criterion for papers in this review was the application of AL techniques for OD tasks, regardless of the field of application. A total of 852 articles were analysed, and 60 articles were included after full screening. Among the remaining ones, relevant topics such as AL sampling strategies used for OD tasks and groups categorisation can be found, along with details regarding the deep neural network architectures employed, application domains, and approaches used to blend learning techniques with those sampling strategies. Furthermore, an analysis of the geographical distribution of OD researchers across the globe and their affiliated organisations was conducted, providing a comprehensive overview of the research landscape in this field. Finally, promising research opportunities to enhance the AL process were identified, including the development of novel sampling strategies and their integration with different learning techniques.