Abstract
Power systems of most EU countries will face substantial changes driven mainly by the EU Clean Energy Package and the expected increasing role of customers making use of demand response and distributed self-generation and self-storage resources (self-DG&S). This work aims to analyze the impact of these two factors on the long term evolution of both utility scale centralized generation and storage (CG&S), and self-DG&S. An hourly resolution generation expansion model based on cost minimization for CG&S and expenses' minimization for self-DG&S is used. Four case studies covering the period 2018-2047 for a real sized system (the Spanish one) are presented. Results highlight a strong synergy between battery costs and solar photovoltaic investments, while wind power seems to be better complemented by peaker thermal units.

Abstract
Transport systems and buildings are among the bigger energy users inside cities. Abundant research has been developed about these systems (facilities and transport). However, synergies among them are commonly overlooked, not taking advantage of the possible benefits of their joint coordination and management. This paper presents a linear programming model to find the optimal operation and planning of distributed energy resources (DER) in a residential district, while considering electric private and public transport systems, in particular electric vehicles and metro. Hence, the main contribution of this paper is the analysis of synergies of such an interconnected scheme. It has been assumed that part of the metro regenerative braking energy can be stored into electric vehicles' (EVs') batteries, so that it can be used later for other trains or for the EV itself. Several case studies have been proposed using data from a residential district and a metro line in Madrid. The obtained results show important cost savings in the overall system, especially a significant power cost reduction for the metro system.

Abstract
In order to avoid voltage problems derived from the connection of large amounts of renewable-based energy generation to distribution networks, new advanced tools need to be developed that are able to exploit the presence of Distributed Energy Resources (DER). This paper describes the approach proposed for a predictive voltage control algorithm to be used in LV distribution networks in order to make use of available flexibilities from domestic consumers via their Home Energy Management System (HEMS) and more traditional Distribution System Operator's (DSO's) resources, such as transformers with On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) and storage devices. The proposed algorithm for the Low Voltage Control (LVC) is detailed in this paper. The algorithm was then tested through simulation using a representative Portuguese Low Voltage (LV) network in order to assess its performance in several future scenarios with different operating conditions. The future prospects for field-trial validation in a Portuguese smart grids pilot are also discussed.

Abstract
In this work a new trading framework for demand response (DR) aggregators is proposed using a non-probabilistic model. In this model, DR is acquired from consumers to sell it to the purchasers by aggregators. Two programs, i.e., time-of-use (TOU) and reward-based DR program, are implemented to obtain DR from consumers. Then, the obtained DR is sold to buyers via two considered agreements, i.e., fixed DR contracts and DR options. The information-gap decision theory is also employed to consider the uncertainties for risk-averse aggregators. Consumer's participation behavior is considered as an uncertain parameter. A robustness function is proposed to examine the immunity of the model against adverse variations of uncertain parameters. The feasibility of the proposed model is studied on the real-world data.

Abstract
This paper presents recent research conducted at the JRC Smart Grid Interoperability Lab and analyses key parameters that should be taken into consideration for the development of interoperable and sustainable electricity systems. Increasing energy efficiency aims at reducing the overall energy consumption and consequently lower the stress on the environment by using less energy. The first research activity illustrated is on the use of Advanced Metering Infrastructure as a gateway to improve Demand Response/Demand Side Management. The second one focuses on the use of photovoltaic in a low voltage distribution network and studies the effect of penetration in voltage unbalances. The last one addresses the power quality performance of electric vehicle chargers under low temperature conditions and provides hints for improvements. The paper underlines several factors that could affect the efficiency of systems towards making improvements that increase the stability of the relevant operations.

Abstract
Exposing electric vehicles (EV) to extreme temperatures limits its performance and charging. For the foreseen adoption of EVs, it is not only important to study the technology behind it, but also the environment it will be inserted into. In Europe, temperatures ranging from -30°C to +40°C are frequently observed and the impacts on batteries are well-known. However, the impact on the grid due to the performance of fast-chargers, under such conditions, also requires analysis, as it impacts both on the infrastructure's dimensioning and design. In this study, six different fast-chargers were analysed while charging a full battery EV, under four temperature levels (-25 °C, -15 °C, +20 °C, and +40 °C). The current total harmonic distortion, power factor, standby power, and unbalance were registered. Results show that the current total harmonic distortion (THDI) tended to increase at lower temperatures. The standby consumption showed no trend, with results ranging from 210 VA to 1650 VA. Three out of six chargers lost interoperability at -25 °C. Such non-linear loads, present high harmonic distortion, and, hence, low power factor. The temperature at which the vehicle's battery charges is crucial to the current it withdraws, thereby, influencing the charger's performance.