Abstract
Introduction: Foreign languages are of vital importance in tourism today, particularly in rural tourism. If we consider that more than a third of the demand for TER in the national territory is made up of foreigners (INE, 2017), we understand the importance of foreign language skills. Moreover, the Portuguese quality standard of the TER states that promoters of the activity must have at least knowledge of a foreign language. If this is unquestionable, it is also true that in the universe of existing enterprises, several indications are that foreign language competence presents itself as a fragility for many enterprises. Objetives: Taking as a reference a rural tourism enterprise, the objective of this study is to explore the importance of foreign languages in the success of tourism activity in rural areas. Methods: In order to allow a deeper analysis, a case study methodology is used. In addition to a semi-structured interview, we use documentary information and the observation of the languages used in the online comments (in TRIPadvisor and booking.com). Results: In the interview the importance of foreign languages was highlighted. Many of the comments online are made in a foreign language. Conclusion: Competence in foreign languages is vital to the success of rural tourism. © 2019, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu. All rights reserved.

Abstract
O principal objetivo do artigo é apresentar as linhas gerais da importância da indústria petrolífera para a Venezuela a partir do estudo da tentativa de expansão produtiva e urbana em direção à faixa centro-oriental do território nacional sob os objetivos do Projeto Socialista do Orinoco (PSO). Baseado em revisão da literatura e análise de dados secundários, o trabalho discute a proposta de adensamento urbano e diversificação produtiva comandada pela grande indústria de petróleo, assinalando seus objetivos, suas características e os desafios enfrentados. O texto conclui que a proposta de crescimento econômico e diversificação, baseada na indústria de petróleo, mostrou-se frágil pela alta dependência inicial à conjuntura internacional favorável e por não conseguir superar problemas estruturais crônicos de longa data que afetam o país, tal como a valorização cambial, que atua no desestímulo à substituição de importações.

Abstract
Innovation is a vital process for any business to remain competitive in this age. This progress must be coherently and optimally managed, allowing for successful improvement and future growth. The Handbook of Research on Strategic Innovation Management for Improved Competitive Advantage provides emerging research on the use of information and knowledge to promote development in various business agencies. While covering topics such as design thinking, financial analysis, and policy planning, this publication explores the wide and complex relationships that constitute strategic innovation management principals and processes. This publication is an important resource for students, professors, researchers, managers, and entrepreneurs seeking current research on the methods and tools regarding information and knowledge management for business advancement.

Abstract
The story of societal progress has long been acknowledged to involve two brothers - management research and management practice (Beyer, 1982). Although, reared by the same knowledge core (Poole and Van de Ven, 1989; Wallin and von Krogh, 2010), the brothers in a display of their contrasting lives behave independently, often disparately. Their distinct behaviour has prompted scholars to report that ’most of what management researchers do utterly fails to resonate with management practice’ (Bansal et al., 2012, p. 73). Those observing the relationship unfold have been concerned of this disconnect for decades (Banks et al., 2016; Hambrick, 1994; Shapiro, Kirkman and Courtney, 2007). Gordon and Howell (1959) posited that universities and business schools need to be ’better informed and more scholarly faculties that are capable of carrying on more significant research, and with greater appreciation of the contributions to be made to the development of business competence’ (p.425). (...)

Abstract
Were you ever asked by a manager to ‘do what you want’, where you felt free to innovate? Did it feel like freedom? Maybe you felt encouraged since you could now experiment your idea, but did it mean that your performance was now on the radar? Could you then stay true to your vision or did you feel the need to compromise so that the ‘numbers lined up’? Either way, you should know that you are not alone. Arguably, we are in an age of paradox1 where simultaneous contradic- tions are all too common. Innovation paradox arises when “the aggressive pursuit of operational excellence and incremental innovation crowds out the possibility of creating ground-breaking innovations” (Davila & Epstein, 2014, p.2). Often these contradictions are meaningful on their own merit but when interdependent on each other, they create tensions in economic, social, environmental and ethical decision-making. In previous editorials, we have shared how digital innovations and societal disparity across the world are influencing strategic decision-making and shifting the innovation mindset. We now stretch the boundaries by suggesting that paradigms relying on economic trade-offs and shared-value that have shaped conventional organisational strategies are no longer sufficient to guide paradoxical tensions in decision-making. (...)

Abstract
Wisdom of the crowds, Technological capabilities and Functional alignment, which when recognised and utilised in innovation processes, can unlock the ability to source, develop and commercialise ideas at rapid pace. The phenomenon is known as technological convergence. By definition, technological convergence is described as the process by which Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) converge towards new and more unified markets. This convergence often leverages the three dimensions of innovation – economic, technical and functional. On the economic side, the focus of a focal firm is on maximising profits with minimal costs under resource constraints brought about in-part by liberalisation of markets. In this regard, open innovation which involves harnessing wisdom of the crowds at the fuzzy front-end of the innovation process has increasingly been promoted as a pragmatic mechanism for accessing widely distributed knowledge (Thanasopon, Papdopoulos & Vidgen, 2016), in large firms (Brunswicker & Chesbrough, 2018) and SMEs (Vanhaverbeke, Frattini, Roijakkers & Usman, 2018). On the technical side, the main driver has been the rise of enabling technologies, at times revolutioning social behaviour but mostly brought about through incremental shifts in technical abilities. Finally, convergence is realised through functional alignment, characterised by integration of computational, behaviour and communication factors in a unique value-proposition delivered through new product or new service (Canals, Torres & Borés, 2001). The growing prominence of technological convergence means firms can no longer afford to work in silos or rely on proprietory waterfall solutions to achieve competitive advantage and influence societal progress. Here, we build on our July 2018 editorial which emphasised the cumulative importance of management research and management practice working together for societal progress. W-T-F is offered here as the fundamental trilogy that both managers and researchers need to address to survive and thrive in an increasingly digitised and globally-connected world. (...)