Abstract
Breaks in water consumption records can represent apparent losses which are generally associated with the volumes of water that are consumed but not billed. The detection of these losses at the appropriate time can have a significant economic impact on the water company's revenues. However, the real datasets available to test and evaluate the current methods on the detection of breaks are not always large enough or do not present abnormal water consumption patterns. This study proposes an approach to generate synthetic data of water consumption with structural breaks which follows the statistical proprieties of real datasets from a hotel and a hospital. The parameters of the best-fit probability distributions (gamma, Weibull, log-Normal, log-logistic, and exponential) to real water consumption data are used to generate the new datasets. Two decreasing breaks on the mean were inserted in each new dataset associated with one selected probability distribution for each study case with a time horizon of 914 days. Three different change point detection methods provided by the R packages strucchange and changepoint were evaluated making use of these new datasets. Based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) performance indices, a higher performance has been observed for the breakpoint method provided by the package strucchange.

Abstract
This paper deals with multi-objective location-routing problems (MO-LRPs) and follows a sectorizationapproach, which means customers are divided into different sectors, and a distribution centre is opened for eachsector. The literature has considered objectives such as minimizing the number of opened distribution centres,the variances of compactness, distances and demands in sectors. However, the achievement of these objectivescannot guarantee the geographical separation of sectors. In this sense, and as the geographical separation ofsectors can have significant practical relevance, we propose a new objective function and solve a benchmarkof problems with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), which finds multiple non-dominatedsolutions. A comparison of the results shows the effectiveness of the introduced objective function, since, in thenon-dominated solutions obtained, the sectors are more geographically separated when the values of the objectivefunction improve.

Abstract
This paper compares the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and NSGA-III to solve multiobjective sectorization problems (MO-SPs). We focus on the effects of the parameters of the algorithms on their performance and we use statistical experimental design to find more effective parameters. For this purpose, the analysis of variance (ANOVA), Taguchi design and response surface method (RSM) are used. The criterion of the comparison is the number of obtained nondominated solutions by the algorithms. The aim of the problem is to divide a region that contains distribution centres (DCs) and customers into smaller and balanced regions in terms of demands and distances, for which we generate benchmarks. The results show that the performance of algorithms improves with appropriate parameter definition. With the parameters defined based on the experiments, NSGA-III outperforms NSGA-II. © 2020 IEEE.

Abstract
This paper aims to contribute to the lack of design knowledge on digital platforms (DPs), by studying the new and specific context of DPs managed by industrial business associations (IBAs) to improve the inter- nationalisation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A specific objective is to elicit detailed digital plat- form ?s requirements and features for this particular organisational context. A design science research (DSR) approach is adopted to develop design propositions (the artifact), following the context -intervention -me- chanism -outcome logic (CIMO-logic). The design propositions are derived for DPs that can support different types of generative mechanisms of social interaction: information sharing, collaboration, and collective action. The design propositions are obtained by balancing empirical knowledge based on interviews performed with IBAs and SMEs in Portugal and in the UK, with theoretical knowledge from the literature of information systems, DPs and collaborative networks (CNs). The utility of the design propositions is further evaluated by experts and IBAs. The findings are proved to be relevant for practice, mainly for IBAs, SMEs, and digital platform designers to develop more effective collaborative DPs and sociotechnical systems, supporting CNs and the internationalisa- tion needs of SMEs. The knowledge generated in this study brings new design knowledge on DPs, contributing with design propositions translated into tangible and concrete requirements and capabilities, situated in a specific context and empirical setting.

Abstract
The chemical-pharmaceutical sector is facing an unprecedented fast-changing environment, with new market and technological trends impacting the companies' operational strategies. Managing the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) operations is, therefore, ever more complex and challenging. The goal of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of the current state of the industry and research developments; and then, to develop a new decision-making reference framework to assist in the creation of optimization-based decision support models. This will be achieved through a multi-perspective analysis that encompasses strategic and tactical planning decision-making, in the current and future business context of the chemical-pharmaceutical industry. The findings reveal a lack of research addressing the most prominent trends currently driving this sector, such as patient centricity or new technological developments, thus highlighting the disruptive nature of the expected changes in a highly conservative industry.

Abstract
Urban freight transport is an important enabling factor for economic growth and social activities in cities but despite its benefits, it also generates important negative externalities including traffic congestion, pollution, noise and overall less safety. Moreover, increased limitations on urban freight transport, including access constraints, limited kerbside and private parking spaces for loading/unloading, and the often prohibitive costs of installing logistics infrastructures in city centres, have further constrained urban freight transport. To address these issues, several city logistics solutions have been proposed, such as two-tier distribution systems and distribution systems based on mobile depots. In this paper, we focus on two-tier urban freight distribution systems based on mobile depots, where little or no physical infrastructure is considered and where storage is not permitted at transfer locations. In these types of systems, coordination and synchronisation between vehicles are essential, and the main objective is to have vehicles at the transfer locations in a need-to-be basis as a way of minimising the negative externalities. We review and analyse 13 cases found in the scientific literature, trial reports and online resources, and propose a classification of these systems based on the level of mobility and accessibility of transportation modes operating at the first-tier. Furthermore, we characterise the main components and operational features of the different systems, including the existence of multi-trips, the types of transport modes used at both tiers, transported loads and the organisation of the transfer sites (satellites). This work aims to contribute for a clearer characterisation of two-tier urban distribution systems based on mobile depots, to later support the development of the most adequate mathematical models and solution methods to be applied to each variant of this type of systems. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.