Abstract
In an increasingly aging and overweight population, osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns. T2DM patients experience prejudicial effects on their bone health, affecting their physical capacity. Exercise in hypoxia (EH) and a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) have been suggested for therapeutic benefits in T2DM, improving bone mineral content (BMC) and glycemic control. This study investigated the effects of EH combined with an LCD on body composition and functional and physiologic capacity in T2DM patients. Older T2DM patients (n = 42) were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) control group: control diet + exercise in normoxia; (2) EH group: control diet + EH; (3) intervention group: LCD + EH. Cardiopulmonary tests (BRUCE protocol), body composition (DEXA), and functional capacity (6MWT, handgrip strength) were evaluated. Body mass index (kg/m(2)) and body fat (%) decreased in all groups (p < 0.001). BMC (kg) increased in all groups (p < 0.001) and was significantly higher in the EH and EH + LCD groups (p < 0.001). VO2peak improved in all groups (p < 0.001), but more so in the hypoxia groups (p = 0.019). Functional capacity was increased in all groups (p < 0.001), but more so in the EH group in 6MWT (p = 0.030). EH with and without an LCD is a therapeutic strategy for improving bone mass in T2DM, which is associated with cardiorespiratory and functional improvements.

Abstract
The transition to college is a period of higher risk of the development of eating disorders, with nutrition/dietetics students representing a group of particular vulnerability. Hence, it is interesting to assess eating disorders, taking into consideration potential sources of bias, including social desirability. Our aims were to compare the risk of eating disorders between students of nutrition/dietetics and those attending other courses and to study potential social desirability biases. A total of 799 higher education students (81.7% females) aged 18 to 27 years old completed a questionnaire assessing the risk of eating disorders (EAT-26) and social desirability (composite version of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale). The proportion of students with a high risk of eating disorders was higher among females (14.5% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.044). Nutrition/dietetics students did not differ from those attending other courses regarding the risk of eating disorders. The social desirability bias when assessing the risk of eating disorders was overall low (EAT-26 total score: r = -0.080, p = 0.024). Social desirability correlated negatively with the Diet (r = -0.129, p < 0.001) and Bulimia and food preoccupation subscales (r = -0.180, p < 0.001) and positively with Oral self-control (r = 0.139, p < 0.001).

Abstract
Background: Diet and exercise interventions have been associated with improved body composition and physical fitness. However, evidence regarding their combined effects in older adults is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a combined 12-week Mediterranean diet-based sustainable healthy diet (SHD) and multicomponent training (MT) intervention on body composition, anthropometry, and physical fitness in older adults. Methods: Diet intervention groups received a weekly SHD food supply and four sessions, including a SHD culinary practical workshop. The exercise program included MT 50 min group session, three times a week, on non-consecutive days. Body composition and physical fitness variables were assessed through dual X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometric measurements, and senior fitness tests. Repeated measures ANOVA, with terms for group, time, and interaction, was performed. Results: Our results showed that a combined intervention significantly lowered BMI and total fat. Also, significant differences between assessments in all physical fitness tests, except for aerobic endurance, were observed. Adjusted models show significant differences in BMI (p = 0.049) and WHR (p = 0.037) between groups and in total fat (p = 0.030) for the interaction term. Body strength (p < 0.001), balance tests (p < 0.001), and aerobic endurance (p = 0.005) had significant differences amongst groups. Considering the interaction term, differences were observed for upper body strength (p = 0.046) and flexibility tests (p = 0.004 sit and reach, p = 0.048 back scratch). Conclusions: Our intervention study demonstrates the potential of implementing healthy lifestyle and sustainable models to promote healthy and active aging.

Abstract
Introdução: Os hábitos alimentares são uma das principais causas modificáveis de doenças crónicas não transmissíveis. A Dieta Mediterrânica é conhecida por ser um padrão alimentar protetor da saúde e sustentável. Nas últimas décadas, Portugal, tem-se distanciado deste padrão alimentar e aumentado o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Objetivos: Avaliar a adesão ao Padrão Alimentar Mediterrânico, o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e fatores associados, em crianças e adolescentes. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, observacional descritivo. Aplicou-se um questionário, que incluía a versão portuguesa do Índice KIDMED e um Índice de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados construído para este projeto, a uma amostra de conveniência de crianças e adolescentes com idades entre os 10 e os 19 anos. Os dados foram tratados e analisados no programa estatístico SPSS® com um nível de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 506 participantes, sendo 54,3% do sexo feminino, com uma idade média de 14,1 anos (dp = 2,5). A adesão ao Padrão Alimentar Mediterrânico correlacionou-se com o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (r = 0,447; p < 0,001). Verificou-se uma elevada adesão ao Padrão Alimentar Mediterrânico por 47,8% dos participantes, média adesão por 47,2% e baixa adesão por 4,9%, sendo mais elevada nos indivíduos fisicamente ativos (?2p = 0,012; p = 0,021), nos que têm hábitos de sono à semana adequados (?2p = 0,009; p = 0,045) e nos mais novos (r = -0,112; p = 0,003). O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados revelou uma pontuação média de 21,8 (dp = 4,8), sendo o sexo masculino (?2p = 0,031; p < 0,001) e os que passam mais tempo em frente ao ecrã (?2p = 0,170; p = 0,005) quem mais consome este tipo de alimentos. Conclusões: Observa-se a necessidade de intervir ao nível da promoção e difusão da Dieta Mediterrânica, uma vez que parece ter impacto na diminuição do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, de promover a atividade física, estimular hábitos de sono adequados e mitigar o tempo que as crianças e adolescentes passam em frente aos ecrãs.

Abstract
In the original publication [1], there was a minor error in Figure 1 and Table 6. Unfortunately, Figure 1 presented a smaller text size than appropriate, making it difficult for the reader, in addition to the abbreviation “FiO2” instead of “FiO2”. Then, in Table 6, the basal lactate values between the groups were corrected and the lactate peak values were included. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated. © 2024 by the authors.

Abstract
In our data-flooded age, an enormous amount of redundant, but also disparate textual data is collected on a daily basis on a wide variety of topics. Much of this information refers to documents related to the same theme, that is, different versions of the same document, or different documents discussing the same topic. Being aware of such differences turns out to be an important aspect for those who want to perform a comparative task. However, as documents increase in size and volume, keeping up-to-date, detecting, and summarizing relevant changes between different documents or versions of it becomes unfeasible. This motivates the rise of the contrastive or comparative summarization task, which attempts to summarize the text of different documents related to the same topic in a way that highlights the relevant differences between them. Our research aims to provide a systematic literature review on contrastive or comparative summarization, highlighting the different methods, data sets, metrics, and applications. Overall, we found that contrastive summarization is most commonly used in controversial news articles, controversial opinions or sentiments on a topic, and reviews of a product. Despite the great interest in the topic, we note that standard data sets, as well as a competitive task dedicated to this topic, are yet to come to be proposed, eventually impeding the emergence of new methods. Moreover, the great breakthrough of using deep learning-based language models for abstract summaries in contrastive summarization is still missing.