Abstract

Abstract
In this paper we describe how to integrate Internet protocols (TCP/IP) into a typical hierarchical master-slave fieldbus network, supporting a logical ring token passing mechanism between master stations. The integration of TCP/IP in the fieldbus protocol rises a number of issues that must be addressed properly. In this paper we particularly address the issues related to the conveyance of IP Datagrams in fieldbus frames (fragmentation/de-fragmentation) and on how to support the symmetry inherent to the TCP/IP protocols in fieldbus slaves, which lack communication initiative. Copyright (C) 2001 IFAC.

Abstract

Abstract
Spectronephelometric measurement techniques are :in the order of the day. We can apply these techniques to monitor the production of consumable fluids and to verify their quality. Products like Wine, Beer and Olive Oil for instance, are widely consumed over the world. These products do have a major role in people's dietary habits and their quality is of greater concern from day to day. If we can make use of a monitoring system that is able to perform measurements in situ, on line and in real time, then we will obviously have the capacity to improve quality. Particles that are suspended in consumable fluid samples interact with radiation by scattering it in almost all directions. If we can detect this scattered radiation, then we have information on the suspended particles. Making use on some Physical relations, we can transpose this information to physical parameters like Color and Turbidity.

Abstract
Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) characterization is usually performed using stationary stimuli like sine waves. However, the use of a non-stationary stimulus, besides providing testing conditions closer to those found in real applications, can lead to interesting improvements in ADC testing speed, This kind of signal needs proper processing techniques in order to extract useful information. In this paper we propose the use of joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) for this purpose. The basic principles of the technique, and how it can be used in ADC testing are presented. in particular, a method for characterising an ADC on its entire bandwidth using a single stimulus is described.

Abstract
We have flattened the gain spectrum of a commercial Erbium-doped fibre amplifier, obtaining a curve with approximately 3 dB of ripple, from 1524 nm to 1551 nm, using long-period fibre gratings as equalising optical filters. The fabrication principle of the long-period fibre grating is based on the electric arc technique.