Abstract
Lean and green (L&G) manufacturing in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has brought many advantages in manufacturing industries by minimizing waste and maximizing efficiency with integration of renewable energy sources and sustainable materials. Multi-layer Stream Mapping (MSM) is a new framework for the performance assessment of complex manufacturing processes. MSM is used for multi-domain analysis of manufacturing processes to assess resources, and processes, that are used to identify Non-ValueAdded (NVA) procedures or steps that consume unnecessary time and resources, and/or release emissions and waste that can no longer be reused or recycled to be eliminated or replaced to create a Value Added (VA) process flow that avoids waste in a clean, green and environmental friendly manner. This paper presents the implementation of the L&G strategy through MSM in metal working production systems. In metalworking production systems, the variables of operational performance and resources consumption considered are process time, number of operators, consumables, raw material, and energy. These can be suitably used for reduction in water emissions, gas emissions, solid waste and scrap generated in metalworking production systems.

Abstract
Industrial Symbiosis (IS) envisages a collaborative approach to resource efficiency, encouraging companies to recover, reprocess and reuse waste within the industrial network. Several challenges regarding the effective application of IS continue to limit a broader implementation of this area of Industrial Ecology. The MAESTRI project encompasses an Industrial Symbiosis approach within the scope of sustainable manufacturing for process industries that fosters the sharing of resources (energy, water, residues, etc.) between different processes of a single company or between multiple companies. The Industrial Symbiosis approach is integrated with Efficiency Framework in the so-called MAESTRI Total Efficiency Framework. Efficiency Framework is devoted to the combination of eco-efficiency (via ecoPROSYS) and the efficiency assessment (via MSM – Multi-Layer Stream Mapping). In this manuscript the benefit of the combination of the Efficiency Framework as an facilitator to a more effective application of Industrial Symbiosis, within or outside the company’s boundaries, is explored. © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK.

Abstract
Multi-layer Stream Mapping (MSM) comprehends a new framework for the performance assessment of complex systems. The MSM was developed for multi-domain analysis in an original manner to assess if resources, process and other domains are used to their full potential. The costs related with misuses/inefficiency situations are also quantified and integrated in a simplified manner. A real case study applying the MSM method is validated through application to a Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) finishing line. For this study all the resources and materials consumed in each unit process where considered. The overall efficiency was assessed and improvements actions were evaluated. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
This manuscript presents a novel framework, the Multidimensional Design Assessment Model, which encompasses a multi-criteria approach to efficiency, eco-efficiency and costs assessment for a given design system in aeronautical industry production. The framework is established by adopting Design-for-X and Multi-Layer Stream Mapping approaches, based on Lean Thinking, for efficiency assessment and adopting modules of ecoPROSYS to eco-efficiency assessment. A real case study from aeronautical sector is given to demonstrate the approach, for the assembly of aircraft structure Horizontal Tale Plane, where different results are presented and discussed for each dimension of analysis and how improvement strategies can be designed. © 2019 IEEE.

Abstract
In recent years, the Twin-Transition reference model has gained notoriety as one of the key options for decarbonizing the economy while adopting more sustainable models leveraged by the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In this regard, one of the most relevant challenges is the integration of data-driven approaches with sustainability assessment approaches, since overcoming this challenge will foster more agile sustainable development. Without disregarding the effort of academics and practitioners in the development of sustainability assessment approaches, the authors consider the need for holistic frameworks that also encourage continuous improvement in sustainable development. The main objective of this research is to propose a holistic framework that supports companies to assess sustainability performance effectively and more easily, supported by digital capabilities and data-driven concepts, while integrating improvement procedures and methodologies. To achieve this objective, the research is based on the analysis of published approaches, with special emphasis on the data-driven concepts supporting sustainability assessment and Lean Thinking methods. From these results, we identified and extracted the metrics, scopes, boundaries, and kinds of output for decision-making. A new holistic framework is described, and we have included a guide with the steps necessary for its adoption in a given company, thus helping to enhance sustainability while using data availability and data-analytics tools.

Abstract