Abstract
In this work, image segmentation is addressed as the starting point within a motion analysis methodology intended for biomechanics behavior characterization. First, we propose a general segmentation framework that uses Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets (A-IFSs) to determine the optimal image threshold value. Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy index values are used for representing the unknowledge/ignorance of an expert on determining whether a pixel belongs to the background or the object of the image. Then, we introduce an extension of this methodology that uses a heuristic based multi-threshold approach to determine the optimal threshold. Experimental results are presented.

Abstract
Currently, methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) is the standard treatment following acute spinal cord injury (SCI) as a consequence of the results obtained from the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies. However, many have questioned the efficacy of MPSS because of its marginal effects. Additionally there has been criticism of both study design and statistical interpretation. The functional consequences of experimental SCI have been assessed in many ways. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of MPSS vs. saline solution (SS) following moderate T10 contusion injury in rat. Functional recovery was evaluated using the 21-point Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor recovery scale, the inclined plane, the beam walk, footprint analysis and the horizontal ladder. To optimize the precision and accuracy of functional results we examined the locomotion on a treadmill using three-dimensional (3D) analysis. Stereology was used to estimate the amount of damaged tissue. The results of the traditional functional methods showed that administration of the NASCIS dosage of MPSS following acute spinal cord contusion did not lead to any significant differences in the functional recovery of MPSS- vs. SS-treated animals. More importantly, the results of the 3D kinematic showed that the MPSS administration did not affect the flexion/extension of the hip, knee and ankle joints during the step cycle. Finally, stereological results revealed no statistically significant differences between the two experimental groups. Altogether, our results support data previously reported by several authors, suggesting that MPSS does not lead to improved functional outcome following experimental acute SCI.

Abstract
The spread of the Internet throughout society has sparked a revolution in the way many areas of knowledge are promoted. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are, potentially, such an area. By distributing geospatial information and ways to manipulate it across the Web, a universal broadcast service is achieved, allowing users to access data anywhere. Geographic Information (GI) is usually the realm of specialized companies, and the client's role is often limited to consuming such information. This project aims to conceive a prototype of an architecture that allows the visualization of the Geographic Information System of University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro. This prototype will also be used to feed other systems, also being developed, like navigation systems based on GPS to help people with disabilities, namely, blind users.

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract
Over the past few decades, information systems and technologies have taken on a wide variety of roles within organizations, ranging from operational support to the strategic support of the company. Therefore, there have been significant changes in the motives for their adoption that are vital to understand to guarantee that investment is properly managed. With the purpose of identifying and characterizing the motivations currently behind the adoption of information technologies in large Portuguese companies, which systems the companies have been implementing, in which systems they intend to invest in short-term, and what is the current role of information technology within the organization, we carried out a study with the participation of several chief information officers. The findings of this study reveal that the reasons for adoption and the role that information systems and technologies play is evolving in Portuguese companies and that the adoption of certain types of systems like Enterprise Resource Planning systems is now consolidated, whereas the adoption of other systems like Business Intelligence systems should increase significantly in the near future. Copyright © 2009, IGI Global.