Abstract
It is well recognized that e-business supports all parts of an organization's value chain, and offer valuable competitive advantages to firms. It is imperative for an organization to identify potential constraints to e-business in order to minimize the risk derived from its e-business initiative. Hence, in this paper, we explore a range of constraints that the literature suggests influences e-business evolution, so that organizations could be better equipped in anticipating any difficulties while in progress through their e-business initiatives. Thirteen hypotheses were formulated and tested. Questionnaires were applied to investigate the research problem. It was administered to 1000 managing directors of the biggest (according to the amount of business) Portuguese enterprises. Results suggest that organizational constraints are more critical, such as, conflict with traditional trading partners, conflict with traditional business and e-business initiatives, reengineering business processes and resistance to change, among other.

Abstract
Large grocery stores are nowadays used by millions of people for the acquisition of an enlarging number of products. Product acquisition represents a complex process that comprises lime spent in corridors, product location and checkout queues. On the other hand, it is becoming increasingly difficult for retailers to keep their clients loyal and to predict their needs due to the influence of competition and the lack of tools that discriminate consumption patterns. In this article it is presented the proposal of an architecture and solution of an innovative system for the acquisition of products in grocery stores (IntelligentCart). The IntelligentCart explores enlarging mobile technologies and automatic identification technologies (such as RFID) as a way to improve the quality of services provided by retailers and to augment the consumer value thus allowing to save time and money.

Abstract

Abstract
Web accessibility is growing in importance as each day goes by. Alongside this growth, is also the need for access to web resources, by those with some sort of disability. The web is very important for spreading information and for the interaction between the various society elements. Given this, it is essential that the web presents itself as a totally accessible resource, so that it can help disabled citizens in their integration within society. This obligation should be greater for enterprises where the web is used as a marketing and business platform. With this paper we would like to present a study with indicators regarding the accessibility levels of Portuguese enterprises websites and, we would also like to present a brief comparison between the accessibility levels of the 1000 largest Portuguese enterprises websites and the accessibility levels of the 1000 best Portuguese SMEs websites.

Abstract
It is imperative for an organization to identify potential constraints to e-business in order to minimize the risk derived from its c-business initiative. Hence, in this paper, we have used a maturity stage model (Stages Of Growth Model for c-business SOGe) to identify the maturity stage of the biggest Portuguese enterprises and to report the findings of a study that sought to explore a range of constraints that the literature suggests influences c-business evolution, so that organizations could be better equipped in anticipating any difficulties while in progress through their. e-business initiatives. Questionnaires were applied to investigate the research problem. It was administered to 1000 managing directors of the biggest (according to the amount of business) Portuguese enterprises. Results suggest that Portuguese enterprises had a positive evolution between 2005 and 2007, and that, in lower maturity stages, the constraints are more significant.

Abstract
The latest technological advances made over recent times led to a profound market change, characterized by increased competition. In order 10 be competitive, organizations have been forced to adapt themselves to this new reality, seeking innovative solutions permitting them to achieve lower costs, greater productivity and differentiation from competition. This work focuses the e-business maturity stages of Portuguese small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Our goal is to identify in which e-business maturity stage they are and explore the relationship between their e-business maturity and the technology they use.