Abstract
This paper aims to develop a low-cost stroboscope, which consists of an optical equipment capable of generating flashes of light at different frequencies, allowing to measure the rotation velocity of machines and contributing to maintenance processes in the industry. This device is based on the stroboscopic effect, a visual event that occurs when a continuous movement is presented by a series of samples, generated by flashes of light. When the frequency of the rotation movement is the same frequency of light pulses, the process will appear stationary. Based on the high cost of the commercial stroboscopes, it was developed a stroboscope prototype based on the Arduino platform, LED technology and 3D printing with an open hardware and software. The final prototype went through calibration and validation processes, achieving a performance very similar to a commercial instrument. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.

Abstract
Every year forest fires destroy millions of hectares of land worldwide. Detecting forest fire ignition in the early stages is fundamental to avoid forest fires catastrophes. In this approach, Wireless Sensor Network is explored to develop a monitoring system to send alert to authorities when a fire ignition is detected. The study of sensors allocation is essential in this type of monitoring system since its performance is directly related to the position of the sensors, which also defines the coverage region. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed to solve the sensor allocation problem. This model considers the sensor coverage limitation, the distance, and the forest density interference in the sensor reach. A Genetic Algorithm is implemented to solve the optimisation model and minimise the forest fire hazard. The results obtained are promising since the algorithm could allocate the sensor avoiding overlaps and minimising the total fire hazard value for both regions considered.

Abstract
Robots are rapidly developing, due to the technology advances and the increased need for their mobility. Mobile Robots can move freely in unconstrained environments, without any external help. They are supplied by batteries as the only source of energy that they could access. Thus, the management of the energy offered by these batteries is so crucial and has to be done properly. Most advanced Battery Management System (BMS) algorithms reported in literature are developed and verified with laboratory-based experiments. The acquired data is then processed either online or offline, using PC-based software. This work consists of developing an on-Chip Extended Kalman Filter based BMS, which can be directly linked in a robot without having to be connected with an external device to process the data. The proposed system is implemented in a low-cost 8 bit microcontroller and results allow to validate the proposed approach.

Abstract
Industrial robots are a technology which is highly present in industry and can perform several tasks, namely machining activities. Different than CNC machines, which work with G-code and have available several software applications to generate the machine code, there is a lack of software for robotic arms, in addition to each application depending on its own language and software. This work studied a way to use different robotic arms for 3D part machining processes, to perform 3D objects reconstruction obtained through a low-cost 3D scanner. Dealing with the 3D reconstruction by integrating 3D acquisition and robotic milling with software available on the market, this paper presents a system that acquires and reconstructs a 3D object, in order to seek greater flexibility with lower initial investments and checking the applicability of robot arm in these tasks. For this, a 3D object is scanned and imported to a CAD/CAM software, to generate the machining toolpath, and a software application is used to convert the G-code into robot code. Several experiments were performed, using an ABB IRB 2600 robot arm, and the results of the machining process allowed to validate the G-code conversion and milling process using robotic arms, according to the proposed methodology.

Abstract
As in many other fields, robots are increasingly being used in the healthcare sector, particularly for hospital logistics support, surgery and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is a concern for millions of people around the world, and because of this, there has been a constant progress over the last decade in the rehabilitation robotics field, with the use of new technologies aimed at overcoming the different challenges faced in this field. In this sense, this paper reviews the main applications developed in the last ten years of rehabilitation robotics, as well as the different challenges that still need to be addressed in order to achieve the design of a prototype that is easy to use, small, safe, less costly and brings real added value to this field. Much of the efforts of the researchers in this topics is focused on providing as many DOF and ROM as possible, and also on the designing of new robots control algorithms.

Abstract
Computational thinking-related issues have had a specific track on TEEM Conference since 2016. This is the sixth edition of this track within the 2021 TEEM Conference edition. This year the papers are centered on programming and robotics, but the artificial intelligence topics increase their presence in the track.