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2012
Authors
Silva, ST; Valente, JMS; Teixeira, AAC;
Publication
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC INTERACTION AND COORDINATION
Abstract
By combining features from distinct theoretical approaches, namely the evolutionary and the job search, matching and bargaining literatures, we propose a model that captures the main dynamics of a world where heterogeneous firms and workers interact and co-evolve. Within a micro-meso framework, the model focuses on the influence of firms' labour choices ("institutional settings") on industry dynamics, taking into account the existence of employment adjustment costs. The consideration of endogenous matching and bargaining processes in the labour market results in significant frictions, such as the simultaneous coexistence of unfilled job vacancies and unemployment. In a setting where technological progress is not biased a stylized fact of industrialized world economies in the last few decades emerges, the increasing wage inequality. Additionally, turbulence in the industry increases after a negative demand shock. As expected, the negative demand shock causes a decrease in the number of vacancies and, consequently, unemployment rates increase considerably. Interestingly, and mimicking the recent experiences of countries such as US, Spain, Greece and Portugal, the rise in unemployment is matched by a rise in contractual wages. This outcome is explained by the lower ability of the firms to fill their posted vacancies, which results from friction in the interactions among agents.
2012
Authors
Branco, MC; Delgado, C;
Publication
Journal of Public Affairs
Abstract
This paper explores the role of corporate social responsibility and the reporting thereof in the fight against corruption. A special focus is laid on the international endeavors to improve transparency through reporting, and the paper elaborates extensively on the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the Global Reporting Initiative's (GRI) Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. Voluntary initiatives, such as the UNGC, the OECD guidelines, and the GRI guidelines, are considered to play an important role in providing the trust-based informal social norms, without which markets and societies cannot function. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2012
Authors
Rocha, C; Mendonca, T; De Oliveira, M; Silva, ME;
Publication
IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline)
Abstract
In the last decades propofol became established as an intravenous agent for the induction and maintenance of both sedation and general anesthesia procedures. In order to achieve the desired clinical effects appropriate infusion rate strategies must be designed. Moreover, it is important to avoid or minimize side effects which may be associated with adverse cardiorespiratory effects and delayed recovery. Nowadays, to attain these purposes the continuous propofol delivery is usually performed through target-controlled infusion (TCI) systems whose algorithms rely on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models (Schraag, 2001). This work presents statistical models to estimate both the infusion rate and the bolus administration. The modeling strategy relies on multivariate linear models for panel data (Wooldridge, 2002), based on patient characteristics such as age, height, weight and gender along with the desired target concentration. A clinical database collected with a RugLoopII device on 84 patients undergoing ultrasonographic endoscopy under sedation-analgesia with propofol and remifentanil, (Gambús et al., 2011), is used to estimate the models (training set with 74 cases) and assess their performance (test set with 10 cases). The results obtained in the test set comprising a broad range of characteristics are satisfactory since the models are able to predict bolus and infusion rates comparable to those of TCI. © 2012 IFAC.
2012
Authors
Fonseca, TF; Cerveira, A; Mota, A;
Publication
FOREST SYSTEMS
Abstract
The study addresses the special case of a management plan for maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in common lands. The study area refers to 4,432 ha of maritime pine stands in North Portugal (Perimetro Florestal do Barroso in the county of Ribeira de Pena), distributed among five common lands called baldio areas. Those lands are co-managed by the Official Forest Services and the local communities, essentially for timber production, using empirical guidance. As the current procedure does not guarantee the best thinning and clear-cutting scheduling, it was considered important to develop "easy-to-use" models, supported by optimization techniques, to be employed by the forest managers in the harvest planning of these communitarian forests. Planning of the thinning and clear-cutting operations involved certain conditions, such as: (1) the optimal age for harvesting; (2) the maximum stand density permitted; (3) the minimum volume to be cut; (4) the guarantee of incomes for each of the five baldios in at least a two year period; (5) balanced incomes during the length of the projection period. In order to evaluate the sustainability of the wood resources, a set of constraints lower bounding the average ending age was additionally tested. The problem was formulated as an integer linear programming model where the incomes from thinning and clear-cutting are maximized while considering the constraints mentioned above. Five major scenarios were simulated. The simplest one allows for silvicultural constraints only, whereas the other four consider these constraints besides different management options. Two of them introduce joint management of all common areas with or without constraints addressing balanced distribution of incomes during the plan horizon, whilst the other two consider the same options but for individual management of the baldios. The proposed model is easy to apply, providing immediate advantages for short and mid-term planning periods compared to the empirical methods of harvest planning. Results showed that maximization of production is reached when there are silvicultural restrictions only and when forest management units are regarded as a joint undertaking. The individualized management with a balanced distribution of incomes is an interesting option as it does not drastically reduce the optimal solution while assuring benefits at least every two years.
2012
Authors
Dunham, I; Kundaje, A; Aldred, SF; Collins, PJ; Davis, C; Doyle, F; Epstein, CB; Frietze, S; Harrow, J; Kaul, R; Khatun, J; Lajoie, BR; Landt, SG; Lee, BK; Pauli, F; Rosenbloom, KR; Sabo, P; Safi, A; Sanyal, A; Shoresh, N; Simon, JM; Song, L; Trinklein, ND; Altshuler, RC; Birney, E; Brown, JB; Cheng, C; Djebali, S; Dong, XJ; Dunham, I; Ernst, J; Furey, TS; Gerstein, M; Giardine, B; Greven, M; Hardison, RC; Harris, RS; Herrero, J; Hoffman, MM; Iyer, S; Kellis, M; Khatun, J; Kheradpour, P; Kundaje, A; Lassmann, T; Li, QH; Lin, X; Marinov, GK; Merkel, A; Mortazavi, A; Parker, SCJ; Reddy, TE; Rozowsky, J; Schlesinger, F; Thurman, RE; Wang, J; Ward, LD; Whitfield, TW; Wilder, SP; Wu, W; Xi, HLS; Yip, KY; Zhuang, JL; Bernstein, BE; Birney, E; Dunham, I; Green, ED; Gunter, C; Snyder, M; Pazin, MJ; Lowdon, RF; Dillon, LAL; Adams, LB; Kelly, CJ; Zhang, J; Wexler, JR; Green, ED; Good, PJ; Feingold, EA; Bernstein, BE; Birney, E; Crawford, GE; Dekker, J; Elnitski, L; Farnham, PJ; Gerstein, M; Giddings, MC; Gingeras, TR; Green, ED; Guigo, R; Hardison, RC; Hubbard, TJ; Kellis, M; Kent, WJ; Lieb, JD; Margulies, EH; Myers, RM; Snyder, M; Stamatoyannopoulos, JA; Tenenbaum, SA; Weng, ZP; White, KP; Wold, B; Khatun, J; Yu, Y; Wrobel, J; Risk, BA; Gunawardena, HP; Kuiper, HC; Maier, CW; Xie, L; Chen, X; Giddings, MC; Bernstein, BE; Epstein, CB; Shoresh, N; Ernst, J; Kheradpour, P; Mikkelsen, TS; Gillespie, S; Goren, A; Ram, O; Zhang, XL; Wang, L; Issner, R; Coyne, MJ; Durham, T; Ku, M; Truong, T; Ward, LD; Altshuler, RC; Eaton, ML; Kellis, M; Djebali, S; Davis, CA; Merkel, A; Dobin, A; Lassmann, T; Mortazavi, A; Tanzer, A; Lagarde, J; Lin, W; Schlesinger, F; Xue, CH; Marinov, GK; Khatun, J; Williams, BA; Zaleski, C; Rozowsky, J; Roeder, M; Kokocinski, F; Abdelhamid, RF; Alioto, T; Antoshechkin, I; Baer, MT; Batut, P; Bell, I; Bell, K; Chakrabortty, S; Chen, X; Chrast, J; Curado, J; Derrien, T; Drenkow, J; Dumais, E; Dumais, J; Duttagupta, R; Fastuca, M; Fejes Toth, K; Ferreira, P; Foissac, S; Fullwood, MJ; Gao, H; Gonzalez, D; Gordon, A; Gunawardena, HP; Howald, C; Jha, S; Johnson, R; Kapranov, P; King, B; Kingswood, C; Li, GL; Luo, OJ; Park, E; Preall, JB; Presaud, K; Ribeca, P; Risk, BA; Robyr, D; Ruan, XA; Sammeth, M; Sandhu, KS; Schaeffer, L; See, LH; Shahab, A; Skancke, J; Suzuki, AM; Takahashi, H; Tilgner, H; Trout, D; Walters, N; Wang, HE; Wrobel, J; Yu, YB; Hayashizaki, Y; Harrow, J; Gerstein, M; Hubbard, TJ; Reymond, A; Antonarakis, SE; Hannon, GJ; Giddings, MC; Ruan, YJ; Wold, B; Carninci, P; Guigo, R; Gingeras, TR; Rosenbloom, KR; Sloan, CA; Learned, K; Malladi, VS; Wong, MC; Barber, G; Cline, MS; Dreszer, TR; Heitner, SG; Karolchik, D; Kent, WJ; Kirkup, VM; Meyer, LR; Long, JC; Maddren, M; Raney, BJ; Furey, TS; Song, LY; Grasfeder, LL; Giresi, PG; Lee, BK; Battenhouse, A; Sheffield, NC; Simon, JM; Showers, KA; Safi, A; London, D; Bhinge, AA; Shestak, C; Schaner, MR; Kim, SK; Zhang, ZZZ; Mieczkowski, PA; Mieczkowska, JO; Liu, Z; McDaniell, RM; Ni, YY; Rashid, NU; Kim, MJ; Adar, S; Zhang, ZC; Wang, TY; Winter, D; Keefe, D; Birney, E; Iyer, VR; Lieb, JD; Crawford, GE; Li, GL; Sandhu, KS; Zheng, MZ; Wang, P; Luo, OJ; Shahab, A; Fullwood, MJ; Ruan, XA; Ruan, YJ; Myers, RM; Pauli, F; Williams, BA; Gertz, J; Marinov, GK; Reddy, TE; Vielmetter, J; Partridge, EC; Trout, D; Varley, KE; Gasper, C; Bansal, A; Pepke, S; Jain, P; Amrhein, H; Bowling, KM; Anaya, M; Cross, MK; King, B; Muratet, MA; Antoshechkin, I; Newberry, KM; Mccue, K; Nesmith, AS; Fisher Aylor, KI; Pusey, B; DeSalvo, G; Parker, SL; Balasubramanian, S; Davis, NS; Meadows, SK; Eggleston, T; Gunter, C; Newberry, JS; Levy, SE; Absher, DM; Mortazavi, A; Wong, WH; Wold, B; Blow, MJ; Visel, A; Pennachio, LA; Elnitski, L; Margulies, EH; Parker, SCJ; Petrykowska, HM; Abyzov, A; Aken, B; Barrell, D; Barson, G; Berry, A; Bignell, A; Boychenko, V; Bussotti, G; Chrast, J; Davidson, C; Derrien, T; Despacio Reyes, G; Diekhans, M; Ezkurdia, I; Frankish, A; Gilbert, J; Gonzalez, JM; Griffiths, E; Harte, R; Hendrix, DA; Howald, C; Hunt, T; Jungreis, I; Kay, M; Khurana, E; Kokocinski, F; Leng, J; Lin, MF; Loveland, J; Lu, Z; Manthravadi, D; Mariotti, M; Mudge, J; Mukherjee, G; Notredame, C; Pei, BK; Rodriguez, JM; Saunders, G; Sboner, A; Searle, S; Sisu, C; Snow, C; Steward, C; Tanzer, A; Tapanari, E; Tress, ML; van Baren, MJ; Walters, N; Washietl, S; Wilming, L; Zadissa, A; Zhang, ZD; Brent, M; Haussler, D; Kellis, M; Valencia, A; Gerstein, M; Reymond, A; Guigo, R; Harrow, J; Hubbard, TJ; Landt, SG; Frietze, S; Abyzov, A; Addleman, N; Alexander, RP; Auerbach, RK; Balasubramanian, S; Bettinger, K; Bhardwaj, N; Boyle, AP; Cao, AR; Cayting, P; Charos, A; Cheng, Y; Cheng, C; Eastman, C; Euskirchen, G; Fleming, JD; Grubert, F; Habegger, L; Hariharan, M; Harmanci, A; Iyengar, S; Jin, VX; Karczewski, KJ; Kasowski, M; Lacroute, P; Lam, H; Lamarre Vincent, N; Leng, J; Lian, J; Lindahl Allen, M; Min, RQ; Miotto, B; Monahan, H; Moqtaderi, Z; Mu, XMJ; O'Geen, H; Ouyang, ZQ; Patacsil, D; Pei, BK; Raha, D; Ramirez, L; Reed, B; Rozowsky, J; Sboner, A; Shi, MY; Sisu, C; Slifer, T; Witt, H; Wu, LF; Xu, XQ; Yan, KK; Yang, XQ; Yip, KY; Zhang, ZD; Struhl, K; Weissman, SM; Gerstein, M; Farnham, PJ; Snyder, M; Tenenbaum, SA; Penalva, LO; Doyle, F; Karmakar, S; Landt, SG; Bhanvadia, RR; Choudhury, A; Domanus, M; Ma, LJ; Moran, J; Patacsil, D; Slifer, T; Victorsen, A; Yang, XQ; Snyder, M; White, KP; Auer, T; Centanin, L; Eichenlaub, M; Gruhl, F; Heermann, S; Hoeckendorf, B; Inoue, D; Kellner, T; Kirchmaier, S; Mueller, C; Reinhardt, R; Schertel, L; Schneider, S; Sinn, R; Wittbrodt, B; Wittbrodt, J; Weng, ZP; Whitfield, TW; Wang, J; Collins, PJ; Aldred, SF; Trinklein, ND; Partridge, EC; Myers, RM; Dekker, J; Jain, G; Lajoie, BR; Sanyal, A; Balasundaram, G; Bates, DL; Byron, R; Canfield, TK; Diegel, MJ; Dunn, D; Ebersol, AK; Frum, T; Garg, K; Gist, E; Hansen, RS; Boatman, L; Haugen, E; Humbert, R; Jain, G; Johnson, AK; Johnson, EM; Kutyavin, TV; Lajoie, BR; Lee, K; Lotakis, D; Maurano, MT; Neph, SJ; Neri, FV; Nguyen, ED; Qu, HZ; Reynolds, AP; Roach, V; Rynes, E; Sabo, P; Sanchez, ME; Sandstrom, RS; Sanyal, A; Shafer, AO; Stergachis, AB; Thomas, S; Thurman, RE; Vernot, B; Vierstra, J; Vong, S; Wang, H; Weaver, MA; Yan, YQ; Zhang, MH; Akey, JM; Bender, M; Dorschner, MO; Groudine, M; MacCoss, MJ; Navas, P; Stamatoyannopoulos, G; Kaul, R; Dekker, J; Stamatoyannopoulos, JA; Dunham, I; Beal, K; Brazma, A; Flicek, P; Herrero, J; Johnson, N; Keefe, D; Lukk, M; Luscombe, NM; Sobral, D; Vaquerizas, JM; Wilder, SP; Batzoglou, S; Sidow, A; Hussami, N; Kyriazopoulou Panagiotopoulou, S; Libbrecht, MW; Schaub, MA; Kundaje, A; Hardison, RC; Miller, W; Giardine, B; Harris, RS; Wu, W; Bickel, PJ; Banfai, B; Boley, NP; Brown, JB; Huang, HY; Li, QH; Li, JJ; Noble, WS; Bilmes, JA; Buske, OJ; Hoffman, MM; Sahu, AD; Kharchenko, PV; Park, PJ; Baker, D; Taylor, J; Weng, ZP; Iyer, S; Dong, XJ; Greven, M; Lin, XY; Wang, J; Xi, HLS; Zhuang, JL; Gerstein, M; Alexander, RP; Balasubramanian, S; Cheng, C; Harmanci, A; Lochovsky, L; Min, R; Mu, XMJ; Rozowsky, J; Yan, KK; Yip, KY; Birney, E;
Publication
NATURE
Abstract
The human genome encodes the blueprint of life, but the function of the vast majority of its nearly three billion bases is unknown. The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has systematically mapped regions of transcription, transcription factor association, chromatin structure and histone modification. These data enabled us to assign biochemical functions for 80% of the genome, in particular outside of the well-studied protein-coding regions. Many discovered candidate regulatory elements are physically associated with one another and with expressed genes, providing new insights into the mechanisms of gene regulation. The newly identified elements also show a statistical correspondence to sequence variants linked to human disease, and can thereby guide interpretation of this variation. Overall, the project provides new insights into the organization and regulation of our genes and genome, and is an expansive resource of functional annotations for biomedical research.
2012
Authors
Djebali, S; Davis, CA; Merkel, A; Dobin, A; Lassmann, T; Mortazavi, A; Tanzer, A; Lagarde, J; Lin, W; Schlesinger, F; Xue, CH; Marinov, GK; Khatun, J; Williams, BA; Zaleski, C; Rozowsky, J; Roeder, M; Kokocinski, F; Abdelhamid, RF; Alioto, T; Antoshechkin, I; Baer, MT; Bar, NS; Batut, P; Bell, K; Bell, I; Chakrabortty, S; Chen, X; Chrast, J; Curado, J; Derrien, T; Drenkow, J; Dumais, E; Dumais, J; Duttagupta, R; Falconnet, E; Fastuca, M; Fejes Toth, K; Ferreira, P; Foissac, S; Fullwood, MJ; Gao, H; Gonzalez, D; Gordon, A; Gunawardena, H; Howald, C; Jha, S; Johnson, R; Kapranov, P; King, B; Kingswood, C; Luo, OJ; Park, E; Persaud, K; Preall, JB; Ribeca, P; Risk, B; Robyr, D; Sammeth, M; Schaffer, L; See, LH; Shahab, A; Skancke, J; Suzuki, AM; Takahashi, H; Tilgner, H; Trout, D; Walters, N; Wang, H; Wrobel, J; Yu, YB; Ruan, XA; Hayashizaki, Y; Harrow, J; Gerstein, M; Hubbard, T; Reymond, A; Antonarakis, SE; Hannon, G; Giddings, MC; Ruan, YJ; Wold, B; Carninci, P; Guigo, R; Gingeras, TR;
Publication
NATURE
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells make many types of primary and processed RNAs that are found either in specific subcellular compartments or throughout the cells. A complete catalogue of these RNAs is not yet available and their characteristic subcellular localizations are also poorly understood. Because RNA represents the direct output of the genetic information encoded by genomes and a significant proportion of a cell's regulatory capabilities are focused on its synthesis, processing, transport, modification and translation, the generation of such a catalogue is crucial for understanding genome function. Here we report evidence that three-quarters of the human genome is capable of being transcribed, as well as observations about the range and levels of expression, localization, processing fates, regulatory regions and modifications of almost all currently annotated and thousands of previously unannotated RNAs. These observations, taken together, prompt a redefinition of the concept of a gene.
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